Mass Transfer Principles For Vapor Liquid Unit Operations

The Principles required to understand Distillation, Absorption, Stripping, Flashing, Gas Treating, Scrubbing and more!

Last updated 2022-01-10 | 4.5

- Mass Transfer Basics (Diffusion
- Convection
- Concentration Gradient)
- Concepts such as Vapor Pressure
- Partial Pressure
- Volatility
- Solubility
- Ideal vs. Real Cases

What you'll learn

Mass Transfer Basics (Diffusion
Convection
Concentration Gradient)
Concepts such as Vapor Pressure
Partial Pressure
Volatility
Solubility
Ideal vs. Real Cases
Flux
Mass Transfer
Mass Flow
Molecular Diffusion
Eddy diffusion
The Concept of Equilibrium in Solubility & Vapor-Liquid
Gibbs Phase Rule for Binary Diagrams (T-xy
P-xy
XY)
Models for Vapor Liquid: Henry's Law
Raoult's Law
Deviations such as Azeotropes
Molecular Diffusion - Fick's Law
Diffusion Coefficient aka Diffusivity
Equimolar Counter Diffusion vs. Unimolecular Diffusion
Convective & Interphase Mass Transfer
Mass Transfer Coefficient (Local vs. Overall)
Theories for Interphase Mass Transfer: Film
Penetration
Surface Renewal
Surface Stretch
Two Film Theory
Mass Transfer Principles applied to Industry - Gas absorption & Distillation

* Requirements

* Basic Sciences (Chemistry & Physics)

Description

  • Mass Transfer Basics (Diffusion, Convection, Concentration Gradient)
  • Concepts such as Vapor Pressure, Partial Pressure, Volatility, Solubility
  • Ideal vs. Real Cases
  • Flux, Mass Transfer, Mass Flow, Molecular Diffusion, Eddy diffusion
  • The Concept of Equilibrium in Solubility & Vapor-Liquid
  • Gibbs Phase Rule for Binary Diagrams (T-xy, P-xy, XY)
  • Models for Vapor Liquid: Henry's Law, Raoult's Law
  • Deviations such as Azeotropes
  • Molecular Diffusion - Fick's Law
  • Diffusion Coefficient aka Diffusivity
  • Equimolar Counter Diffusion vs. Unimolecular Diffusion
  • Convective & Interphase Mass Transfer
  • Mass Transfer Coefficient (Local vs. Overall)
  • Theories for Interphase Mass Transfer: Film, Penetration, Surface Renewal, Surface Stretch
  • Two Film Theory
  • Mass Transfer Principles applied to Industry - Gas absorption & Distillation

Course content

6 sections • 222 lectures

Introduction/Welcome Preview 01:46

Index Content Preview 06:23

Goals & Objectives Preview 04:13

Why Mass Transfer in Vap-Liq? Preview 04:55

Difference between a Vapor and a Gas Preview 05:07

Task – Check out my old Video on Vap vs. Gas Preview 01:06

Link to Video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqXXe9wnVFQ

What are Vapor-Liquid Processes? Preview 01:17

Absorption, Desorption, Stripping & Scrubbing Preview 04:14

Links:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luRgTdLnxgg

Task – Amine Gas Treating Preview 01:25

Link to video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaQ26JEFuec

Distillation Types Preview 02:50

Task – Distillation Process Preview 00:52

Link video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaBMXgVBQKk|

Resources for this Course (PDF, Spreadsheets, Slideshows, Simulations, etc.) Preview 00:06

Animations - CFD Wolfram Files Preview 00:01

Exercise Problem Statements (PDF) Preview 00:03

Spreadsheets, Graphs & Tables Preview 00:01

Tasks of the Course Preview 00:06

Reference Used Preview 03:12

Some Notes… Preview 01:49

UDEMY Notes

  • Is my lecture slow? Do you want to get shorter lectures?

    • Use Faster Playback (1.25x or so)

  • Scrolling to fast? Moving the pointer very quickly?

    • Use Slower Playback (0.5x or 0.25x)

  • Do you need extra video resolution?

    • Ensure you select high qualities…

    • Typically, the website will adjust to your best needs according to your Internet Service Provider

    • Ensure to select:

      • Common Quality > 720p

      • Best quality > 1080p

Join the Groups! Preview 01:41

Contact me Preview 01:04

Do you really need a Review on Fundamentals?

Section 2 - Overview Preview 02:50

2.1 Basic Topics in Equilibrium Preview 00:04

Ideal Gas Preview 03:43

Ideal Solution Preview 05:02

Concept of Ideality Preview 02:36

Real Gas - Overview Preview 02:06

Ex. Ideal vs. Real Gas Conditions Preview 03:56

Animation - Compressibility Factor Charts Preview 03:48

Non-Ideal Solution Preview 04:49

Vapor Pressure Preview 05:29

Partial Pressure Preview 03:44

Partial Pressure vs. Vapor Pressure Preview 03:42

Animation- Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures Preview 02:29

Ex. Calculate Vapor & Pressure Preview 05:24

Task – Partial & Vapor Pressure Preview 00:38

What is a Phase? Preview 02:03

The Concept of Solubility Preview 05:30

Animation: Dissolving a Solute Preview 02:26

General Concept of Equilibrium Preview 03:13

Phase Equilibrium Preview 04:49

Solubility Concept Preview 03:43

2.2 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Preview 00:03

What is Phase Equilibrium? (VLE Pure) Preview 04:36

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE Binary) Preview 06:55

Animation: P-x-y and T-x-y Diagrams for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) Preview 03:17

Volatility (Chemistry) Preview 04:25

Task - Volatilities Preview 01:36

Relative Volatility Preview 08:06

Special Case: Constant Relative Volatility Preview 02:37

Animation: Flash Distillation of a Constant Relative Volatility Mixture Preview 02:37

K-Values Preview 02:27

Task – Calculate a K-Value Preview 04:01

Animation - K-value of Several Hydrocarbons versus Temperature and Pressure Preview 04:17

2.3 Equilibrium Diagrams Preview 00:02

Equilibrium Diagrams Preview 03:38

Gibbs Phase Rule Preview 04:48

Phase Rule & Diagrams Preview 05:24

Animation: Gibbs Phase Rule for One- and Two-Component Systems Preview 03:28

Task – Prove Phase Rule for VLE Preview 02:18

Binary Diagrams Preview 01:45

XY Diagrams Preview 03:41

Task – XY Diagram Preview 02:21

T-XY Diagram Preview 03:26

Bubble Point Preview 03:03

Dew Point Preview 02:38

T-XY Diagram - Analysis Preview 05:31

Task – Txy Diagram Preview 00:41

Animation: Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium (VLLE) Preview 02:41

P-XY Diagram - Analysis Preview 05:16

Task - Reading a P-xy Diagram Preview 02:22

2.4 VLE Thermodynamics Preview 00:07

Thermodynamics Fundamentals Preview 03:52

Solving Ideal Cases Preview 03:49

Solving via Activity Models Preview 03:28

Task – Activity Models Preview 01:08

  • Margules à https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moEGVoZp9zg

  • Van Laar à https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lE7Wh6XPv0o

  • NRTL à https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FmWN-suDZuc

  • UNIFAC à https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoSblGYqoaM

Solving Equation of States (EOS) Preview 01:15

Task – Fitting Data to Peng Robinson EOS Preview 06:28

Cases Preview 01:18

Case 1: Ideal Solution – Ideal Gas Preview 01:18

Raoult’s Law Preview 07:16

Ex. 1 - Raoult’s Law Application Preview 09:09

K-Values - Revisited Preview 02:55

Case 2: Real Solution – Ideal Gas Preview 03:33

Case 3: Ideal Solution – Real Gas Preview 02:36

Case 4: Real Solution – Real Gas Preview 03:17

Cases Conclusion Preview 01:58

2.5 Deviations: Azeotropes Preview 00:02

1.Deviations

2.Azeotropes

  • Positive Boiling Point Azeotrope

  • Negative Boiling Point Azeotrope

Deviations Preview 04:49

Animation: Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Diagram for Non-Ideal Mixture Preview 03:24

Azeotropes Preview 03:40

Animation: Azeotropes of Binary Mixtures Containing Ethanol Preview 02:59

Minimum-boiling azeotrope Preview 04:04

Maximum-boiling azeotrope Preview 02:29

Task – Identify Azeotrope Type Preview 01:26

EXTRA: Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures Preview 02:20

2.6 Getting VLE Data on Aspen Plus Preview 00:04

What is Aspen Plus? Preview 01:31

Getting VLE Data from AP Preview 02:41

Task: Graphing Txy Data with Binary Analysis Tools Preview 06:06

Getting VLE Data from NIST Preview 03:13

Task: Extracting Binary Data using NIST Database Preview 03:28

2.7 Gas Solubility in Liquids Preview 00:01

Gas Solubility in Liquids an Overview Preview 08:12

Equilibrium Distribution (Solubility) Curve Preview 05:44

Examples - Equilibrium Distribution (Solubility) Curve Preview 02:02

Task – Equilibrium Distribution Curve Analysis Preview 03:12

Gas Solubility in Liquids - Analysis Preview 04:05

Henry’s Law Preview 11:48

Animation: Henry's Law for Gases Dissolved in Water Preview 03:35

Animation: Temperature Dependence of Henry's Law Constant Preview 03:25

Ex Henry’s Law for Solubility Preview 12:26

Section 2 - Closure Preview 00:38

Section 3 - Overview Preview 01:04

Before we Start Preview 01:39

3.1 Introduction to Mass Transfer Preview 00:02

What is Mass Transfer? Preview 11:22

Types of Mass Transfer Preview 02:06

Introduction to Mass Diffusion Preview 02:41

Task - Molecular Diffusion in Dyes Preview 01:04

Animation: Diffusion of Gases in a Tube Preview 03:11

The Concept of Velocity in MT Preview 11:00

What is Flux? Na Preview 03:57

What is Flux? Ja Preview 01:39

Ex. Mass Flux & Mass Velocities Preview 07:53

What is Molecular Diffusion? Preview 03:09

Diffusion of Gases Preview 04:09

Eddys vs. Molecular Diffusion Preview 00:46

Task – Identify Molecular Diffusion vs. Convective MT Preview 02:05

Diffusivity aka Diffusion Coefficient - DAB Preview 03:56

Animation: Binary Diffusion Coefficients for Gases Preview 02:42

Animation: Diffusion Coefficients for Multicomponent Gases Preview 01:55

3.2 Fick’s Law Preview 00:03

Models for Diffusion Preview 02:33

Fick’s Law Preview 06:30

Animation: Steady-State Binary Fickian Diffusion Preview 03:41

Understanding Applications Preview 04:12

Case (A) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion (EMD) Preview 13:26

Ex 1. (EMD) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion Preview 08:52

Ex 2. (EMD) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion Preview 11:28

Tip - Position vs Time in Diffusion Cases Preview 03:13

Ex 3. (EMD) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion Preview 05:57

Ex 4. (EMD) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion Preview 04:19

Case (B) Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD) Preview 05:02

About Case Studies in Molecular Diffusion... Preview 01:00

Unimolecular Diffusion Equation for Concentrations Preview 06:53

Unimolecular Diffusion Equation for Partial Pressures Preview 06:36

Unimolecular Diffusion Equations for Molar Fractions Preview 04:13

Summary of Molecular Diffusion Equations Expression Preview 02:44

Ex 1. Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD) Preview 07:21

Ex 2. Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD) Preview 24:07

Ex 3. Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD) Preview 05:28

Section 3 - Closure Preview 01:31

Test yourself!

Section 4 - Overview Preview 02:06

4.1 Introduction to Convective Mass Transfer Preview 00:03

Overview of Convective Mass Transfer Preview 00:46

Mass Transfer Cases Preview 03:57

Task – Convective Mass Transfer Preview 01:00

Convective Mass Transfer Preview 02:02

4.2 Mass Transfer Coefficients Preview 00:12

Mass Transfer Coefficients Preview 12:46

MTC for Molecular Diffusion Preview 05:35

Mass Transfer Diffusion Cases EMD & UMD Preview 06:05

Mass Transfer Coefficient for Equimolar Counter-Diffusion Preview 10:39

Ex 1. MT Coefficient in EMD Preview 10:33

Mass Transfer Coefficient for Unimolecular Diffusion Preview 12:03

Ex. 1 MT Coefficient in UMD Preview 06:01

Ex. 2 MT Coefficient in UMD Preview 06:04

Mass Transfer Coefficient - Summary of Equations & Cases Preview 02:06

Volumetric MT Coefficients Preview 03:37

Analogies: Momentum, Heat & Mass Transfer Preview 07:53

Task – Chilton Colburn Analogy Preview 01:11

4.3 MT Coefficient Correlations Preview 00:05

Mass Transfer Correlations Preview 08:09

Mass Transfer Correlation for Fluids flowing through Pipes Preview 04:39

Ex. 1 MTC Correlation for Fluids Flowing Through Pipes Preview 07:35

Mass Transfer Correlation for Packed Beds Preview 03:26

Ex. 2 MTC Correlation for Single Phase Flow Through Packed Bed Preview 07:47

More on MTC Correlations Preview 01:24

Section 4 - Closure Preview 01:06

Test yourself!

Section 5 - Overview Preview 01:31

5.1 Introduction to Mass Transfer within Interphases Preview 00:07

5.1 Introduction to MT in Interphases

  • Introduction to Interphases

  • What is an Interphase?

  • REVISITED - Equilibrium

  • Raoult’s Law - Revisited

  • Ex. Application of Raoult’s Law to a Binary System

  • Henry’s Law - Revisited

  • Ex. Henry's Law: Saturation of Water with Oxygen

Introduction- Mass Transfer Interphases Preview 05:29

What is an Interphase? Preview 02:44

REVISITED - Equilibrium Preview 11:06

Raoult’s Law - Revisited Preview 02:00

Example 3.1 Application of Raoult’s Law to a Binary System Preview 07:22

Revisiting Henry's Law Preview 02:06

Example 3.2 Henry's Law: Saturation of Water with Oxygen Preview 05:54

5.2 Theories for Diffusion between Phases Preview 00:09

Interphase Mass Transfer Preview 05:11

Theories for Interphase MT Preview 02:09

Original Film Theory Preview 09:12

Ex 3.17 Mass-Transfer Flux in a Packed Absorption Tower. Preview 09:23

The Penetration Theory Preview 06:19

Surface Renewal Theory Preview 06:12

Film Penetration Model Preview 03:02

Surface-Stretch Theory Preview 01:23

Summary of Interphase Theories Preview 01:51

The Two-Film / Two Resistance Theory Preview 03:06

5.3 Two Film Theory Applied to Industrial Processes Preview 00:14

Films in Gas Absorption Preview 03:12

Film Concept in Mass Transfer Preview 01:56

Film-Film interaction in the Two Resistance Theory Preview 05:16

Two-Film Theory and Equilibrium Solubility Curve Preview 07:38

Analysis of Mass Transfer Process using Two-Film Theory Preview 04:25

Film MT Coefficients Preview 03:00

Local MTC: kx, ky Preview 05:57

Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients Preview 04:03

Task – Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients Preview 02:01

Local vs. Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients Summary Preview 02:43

Mass Transfer Resistance Preview 02:25

Analysis of Gas Solubility Preview 09:41

Ex. Mass Transfer Resistances in Absorption of Ammonia by Water (Local/Overall) Preview 10:01

Absorption of SO2 into Water (Local & Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients) Preview 07:59

Section 5 - Closure Preview 01:12

Test yourself!

Course Wrap-up Preview 02:15

What we learnt! Preview 06:34

Continue your Training! Preview 02:46